In modern times, the term "barber" is used both as a professional title and to refer to hairdressers who specialize in men's hair. Historically, all hairdressers were considered barbers. In the 20th century, the profession of cosmetology
branched off from barbering, and today hairdressers may be licensed as
either barbers or cosmetologists. Barbers differ with respect to where
they work, which services they are licensed to provide, and what name
they use to refer to themselves. Part of this terminology difference
depends on the regulations in a given location.
Different states in the US vary on their labor and licensing laws.
For example, in Maryland, a cosmetologist cannot use a straight razor,
strictly reserved for barbers. In contrast, in New Jersey both are
regulated by the State Board of Cosmetology and there is no longer a
legal difference in barbers and cosmetologists, as they are issued the
same license and can practice both the art of straight razor shaving,
colouring, other chemical work and haircutting if they choose.
In Australia, the official term for a barber is hairdresser; barber
is only a popular title for men's hairdressers, although not as popular
now as it was in the middle of the 20th century. Most would work in a hairdressing salon.
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